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This document contains the report and edited papers from an international seminar emphasizing the sharing of ideas and resources to eliminate illiteracy. Chapter I of the seven-chapter report offers background information and seminar objectives. Chapter II provides a world overview, which describes the general development context of literacy. In chapter III, emphasis is on literacy in context. The role of national governments in eliminating illiteracy, the correlation between literacy and...

Discusses several conditions that hamper the application of distance education in Kenya and describes three distance education programs that have been planned and executed since 1980 to illustrate what is presently being achieved. Programs include an inservice course for primary school teachers, a foundation course for adult literacy, and a paramedical training course. (MBR)

Four papers on the role of libraries in adult education were presented at the 1984 IFLA general conference meeting of the Section on Adult Education. They include: (1) "The Library of the Pompeia Leisure Centre, Sao Paulo, Brazil," in which Apaty Peroni of Brazil provides background on the community, location, collection, personnel, operation, and programs of the library; (2) "The Promotion of Reading Habits and Adult Education in Kenya," in which Peter E. Kinyanjui of Kenya presents the...

The 1984 volume of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) newsletter includes articles on language competence and cultural awareness in the United States; interest in English in Peru; employment trends; the case method in adult English as a second language (ESL); evaluating computer assisted instruction; the "sakura" technique; writing and editing instruction; practice teaching; ESL literacy; second language learning theory and writing instruction; part-time teaching...

This study attempted to identify specific social environmental factors of the home that are related to science achievement at the primary school level and to determine the extent of the relationships between achievement in science and the factors identified. A sample of 200 subjects were given three instruments in a group setting, a mental ability test, an achievement test, and a student questionnaire. Findings indicate that: (1) boys achieved better in science than girls and that younger...

At the end of the seventh grade, students in Kenya are required to take the Certificate of Primary Education Examination (CPE), which is used as a selection instrument to determine whether students will be allowed to continue an academic course of education at the secondary school level. While the full range of subjects in the primary school curriculum includes 15 subjects, only 5 of these are covered in the CPE. The examination covers achievement in English and mathematics, and includes a...

In addition to the lead article by Andrew Hanssen, Steven Kozlow, and Anne Olsen, this publication contains the following articles related to communications in developing nations: (1) "World Communications Year, 1983"; (2) "Field Research in Botswana Leads to More Relevant Media Production," by Chris Garforth; (3) "Kenya Explores New Ways of Producing Literacy Materials for Basic Education," by Muriithi Kinyua; (4) "Changing Health Behaviors in the Hospital Setting," by Bette Booth; (5)...

Research on the role of educational radio in the classroom sponsored by the Agency for International Development over a ten-year period in Nicaragua, Kenya, and the Dominican Republic is reviewed. An introductory section outlines the reasons for using radio for instructional purposes: (1) it is widespread and democratic; (2) serious radio use is still a novelty in most classrooms; (3) it can entertain and teach simultaneously; (4) it can establish a uniform standard of excellence; (5) it can...

This report on the International Seminar on Campaigning for Literacy at Udaipur, India is divided into three main parts. Part 1 describes the context and background of the seminar, its specific objectives, and the organization and procedures of the seminar. Part 2 provides an overview of the seminar proceedings. The inaugural statements are summarized to provide a framework to the deliberations. Reports follow that were presented by two sets of countries--those who had experience in...

Approaches to the format, design, and layout of printed instructional materials for distance education are illustrated in 36 samples designed to accompany the manual, "Writing for Distance Education." Each sample is presented on a single page with a note pointing out its key features. Features illustrated include use of typescript layout, a comic strip story, various question and instruction formats, check lists, signs and a key, study guidance, diagrams, list formats, pictures reinforcing...

This study sought to evaluate the mathematics curriculum of the Halane Teacher Training Institute in Somalia with a view toward: (1) determining its weaknesses and recommending measures for improvement; (2) examining its relevance to the present needs of the Somali society; (3) determining the suitability of instructional materials and other support resources; and (4) investigating the present organization of teaching practice and the time allocated to it. Thirteen of 15 mathematics teachers...

This four-part volume examines trends, problems, and issues related to school science equipment. Part 1 focuses on laboratory work and practical activities in science and technology education, considering equipment and curriculum development, equipment development related to curricula in Brazil, uses of local resources for practical work, elementary technology materials for science curricula, project work and the needs of a technology laboratory, and the development and utilization of...

The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of modern mathematics in the primary schools of Somalia. In particular, three concerns were addressed: (1) teachers' confidence and ability in teaching mathematics; (2) students' interest in mathematics; and (3) students' examination performance in mathematics. Subjects were 30 teachers and 150 pupils in Primary One (age 8) in four schools in Mogadishu and Afgoye. Observations, teachers' notes, interviews, questionnaires (for...

Faced with the fact that over 50% of its citizens are illerate, and recognizing the link between illiteracy, poverty, and disease, the government of Kenya, in 1963, created an adult literacy program. The program's objectives were (1) to train literacy teachers, (2) to produce materials for teaching and learning and for continuing education after literacy was achieved, and (3) to appoint officers from the Ministry for Housing and Social Services in each district, province, and division to...

The report presents evaluation data on a program designed to use National Geographic Society materials (periodicals, filmstrips, maps, etc.) as part of a curriculum on African cultures for gifted students (grades 5-6). Among program goals were to develop pupil skills and knowledge horizontally and vertically; to introduce anthropology, sociology, and archaeology as subjects in the elementary curriculum; and to encourage institutional involvement in the educational process. The program...

This guide was developed for script writers on the Radio Language Arts Project, which was designed to develop, implement, and test the effectiveness of an instructional radio system to teach English as a second language at the primary school level in Kenya. The project was planned to produce a radio-based, English language program with approximately 195 taped 30-minute lessons for each school year, appropriate tests, teacher orientation materials, and classroom observation and data-gathering...

Concern over the poor and illegible handwriting of the students in Somalia led to the development of this handwriting manual for primary school teachers to: (1) give teachers guidance in teaching handwriting; (2) help teachers in the methodology of teaching handwriting; (3) let teachers know the easier ways of making cheap and obtainable materials for handwriting; and (4) show teachers how to evaluate handwriting. The first chapter provides general information about learning and includes...

This book, consisting of a series of discussion papers and case studies, is a compilation of the papers presented at a region 1 workshop on participatory research in Africa. Included in the volume are the following discussion papers: "The Concept of Development in the Social Sciences," by Kemal Mustafa and Deborah Bryceson; "The Politics of Research Methodology in the Social Sciences," by Marjorie Mbilinyi, Ulla Vuorela, Yusuf Kassam, and Yohana Masisi; "The Methodology of the Participatory...

An investigation was made of the effectiveness of the teacher education curriculum for primary school mathematics teachers in Tanzania. Subjects were a random sample of 8 teacher trainees in each of 4 selected colleges, as well as 4 school principals, 12 tutors, and 16 serving teachers. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires and observations. Results showed that colleges in Tanzania do not have a prescribed mathematics textbook. It was also indicated that topics such as probability,...