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This four-part volume examines trends, problems, and issues related to school science equipment. Part 1 focuses on laboratory work and practical activities in science and technology education, considering equipment and curriculum development, equipment development related to curricula in Brazil, uses of local resources for practical work, elementary technology materials for science curricula, project work and the needs of a technology laboratory, and the development and utilization of...

The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of modern mathematics in the primary schools of Somalia. In particular, three concerns were addressed: (1) teachers' confidence and ability in teaching mathematics; (2) students' interest in mathematics; and (3) students' examination performance in mathematics. Subjects were 30 teachers and 150 pupils in Primary One (age 8) in four schools in Mogadishu and Afgoye. Observations, teachers' notes, interviews, questionnaires (for...

Faced with the fact that over 50% of its citizens are illerate, and recognizing the link between illiteracy, poverty, and disease, the government of Kenya, in 1963, created an adult literacy program. The program's objectives were (1) to train literacy teachers, (2) to produce materials for teaching and learning and for continuing education after literacy was achieved, and (3) to appoint officers from the Ministry for Housing and Social Services in each district, province, and division to...

The report presents evaluation data on a program designed to use National Geographic Society materials (periodicals, filmstrips, maps, etc.) as part of a curriculum on African cultures for gifted students (grades 5-6). Among program goals were to develop pupil skills and knowledge horizontally and vertically; to introduce anthropology, sociology, and archaeology as subjects in the elementary curriculum; and to encourage institutional involvement in the educational process. The program...

This guide was developed for script writers on the Radio Language Arts Project, which was designed to develop, implement, and test the effectiveness of an instructional radio system to teach English as a second language at the primary school level in Kenya. The project was planned to produce a radio-based, English language program with approximately 195 taped 30-minute lessons for each school year, appropriate tests, teacher orientation materials, and classroom observation and data-gathering...

Concern over the poor and illegible handwriting of the students in Somalia led to the development of this handwriting manual for primary school teachers to: (1) give teachers guidance in teaching handwriting; (2) help teachers in the methodology of teaching handwriting; (3) let teachers know the easier ways of making cheap and obtainable materials for handwriting; and (4) show teachers how to evaluate handwriting. The first chapter provides general information about learning and includes...

This book, consisting of a series of discussion papers and case studies, is a compilation of the papers presented at a region 1 workshop on participatory research in Africa. Included in the volume are the following discussion papers: "The Concept of Development in the Social Sciences," by Kemal Mustafa and Deborah Bryceson; "The Politics of Research Methodology in the Social Sciences," by Marjorie Mbilinyi, Ulla Vuorela, Yusuf Kassam, and Yohana Masisi; "The Methodology of the Participatory...

An investigation was made of the effectiveness of the teacher education curriculum for primary school mathematics teachers in Tanzania. Subjects were a random sample of 8 teacher trainees in each of 4 selected colleges, as well as 4 school principals, 12 tutors, and 16 serving teachers. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires and observations. Results showed that colleges in Tanzania do not have a prescribed mathematics textbook. It was also indicated that topics such as probability,...

This research was undertaken to study the effectiveness of elementary school teachers with pupils, aged 8, entering Gambian schools. The investigator attempts to describe what teachers do, to search for associations between theoretically or empirically derived variables and learning, and to infer the power of given factors in instructional procedures which may make practical differences in sought outcomes. Following a review of relevant literature on teacher effectiveness, the methodology of...

Kiswahili was declared the national language of Kenya in 1968 and since then has also been established as the language of parliamentary debate. There are, however, inadequate instructional materials in this language, particularly at the primary level of schooling. Since there are almost 20 different languages, or dialects, in Kenya, Kiswahili must be taught as a second language to a number of children in the early grades. This teacher's manual provides a methodology for instructing children...

A two-pronged theory underlying literacy campaigns suggests that (1) the prevailing ideology of a society will determine the objectives of the literacy campaign as well as the language of justification used by the development elite in the promotion of adult literacy; and (2) the ideology, as expressed in the political culture of a society, will influence the technology of a literacy campaign in regard to the strategies used for the articulation of the national commitment; the mobilization of...

These papers, delivered at the 1981 World Assembly of the International Council on Education for Teaching, reflect the theme of the conference: provision of basic education for all persons, focusing particularly on policies and situations in developing nations. The 14 presentations were from nine nations: (1) "Curriculum Materials for Basic Education: United States" (Edmund J. Cain); (2) "Linking Basic Education to Community Development: United States" (Elmer J. Clark); (3) "Articulation of...

The papers is this volume were presented at the 1981 World Assembly of the International Council of Education for Teaching, attended by representatives from over 35 nations. The papers are organized in seven sections, and all relate to the theme of the assembly, basic skills development. Section I contains one paper, an address on motivating people for educational change, by W. Clement Stone. Section II presents three papers by Egyptian educators on the educational system in Egypt. The four...

Presents news briefs on education as of July 6, 1981. Complaints of foreign students in Romania on the living conditions and the prevalence of corruption in higher education in the country; Elimination of mathematics courses from elementary and secondary schools in Kenya; Information on a protest staged by Nobel laureates concerning the internal exile imposed by Soviet authorities on computer scientist and Jewish activist Viktor Brailovsky.

A comparative study is reported of basic education in 10 African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, Benin, Mali, Upper Volta, and Angola. Basic education is defined as learning experiences to which all citizens are entitled or which are required to help them develop their potential to function effectively as individuals and members of society. Data sources include findings of seminars on basic education and teacher training for basic education and other relevant...

The Radio Language Arts Project (RLAP) is a pilot program being developed in Kenya to provide a cost effective English-as-a-second-language program via radio to rural children. The RLAP will use an integrative language arts approach focusing on language function, meaning, and communication activities, with listening and oral language preceding reading and writing. Each 20- to 30-minute broadcast will consist of several brief segments of varied learning activities designed to teach or...

Five science reading booklets were developed to foster the development of communication, observation, and experimentation skills in Uganda elementary school students. Topics selected, resulting from interviews with teachers and students, included: 1) rain; 2) round worms; 3) caterpillars; 4) butterflies; and 5) insects in the school ground. Booklets were evaluated after an initial trial (focusing on vocabulary level, time required to read the readers, student interest, whether related...

A workshop on "Curriculum for Early Childhood Education," held in the summer of 1979 at the Kenya Institute of Education, aimed to familiarize participants with the problems facing early childhood education in Africa. Specific workshop objectives were (1) to familiarize participants with the psychological, social, political, and economic factors influencing the young African child; (2) to enable participants to apply educational implications inferred from the first objective; and (3) to...

A survey of basic education in 13 Eastern African countries (Madagascar, Burundi, Comores, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, and Somalia) covers basic education programs and UNICEF's supporting role. Basic education is seen as a concept evolved in the region, involving formal school systems and educational programs for out-of-school children, adolescents, and adults; and having goals determined by political philosophies of different...

Describes a literacy program in Kamirithu, Kenya. Discusses the needs of the community and the importance of integrating literacy projects into the process of community development. (JOW)