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Climate change poses a significant challenge to education, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where extreme temperatures and deteriorating environmental conditions disrupt learning. This evidence synthesis examines how climate change affects school infrastructure, indoor environmental quality, and learning outcomes in hot climates. Rising temperatures contribute to heat stress, which impairs cognitive function, reduces student attendance, and exacerbates educational inequalities. Additionally, poor air quality, inadequate ventilation, excessive noise, and variable lighting conditions further hinder student well-being and academic performance. The study reviews adaptation strategies such as retrofitting existing school buildings, modifying roofs, installing shading devices, and using green materials to enhance climate resilience. Case studies from sub-Saharan Africa highlight the effectiveness of passive cooling techniques and improved school design in mitigating climate-related learning disruptions. Despite increasing awareness of climate adaptation in education, challenges persist in policy implementation, funding, and the availability of localised climate data. Findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based interventions and cross-sector collaboration to improve the sustainability of school environments. By integrating climate resilience into education policies, stakeholders can support inclusive and equitable learning, ensuring that schools remain safe and conducive to learning in the face of escalating climate risks.

DOI: 10.53832/opendeved.1139 ZenodoArchiveID: 11403758 ZenodoArchiveConcept: 11403757